The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs holds a hearing on Freedmen provisions in tribal treaties, July 27, 2022. J. Scott Applewhite/AP Black Creeks expelled from tribe finally get their day in ...

Neither Indians nor African Americans had reason to welcome the coming of Oklahoma statehood, which could not fulfill the dreams of citizenship—or even basic equality—for either.

TULSA, Okla. — Tulsa attorney Damario Solomon-Simmons presented his case in a hearing of summary judgment Thursday calling for justice for Black Creek Indians.

When the British evacuated Florida in the spring of 1815, they left a well-constructed and fully-armed fort on the Apalachicola River in the hands of their allies, about 300 African Americans and ...