Bacteria are also able to communicate with each other through chemical signals, a behavior known as quorum signaling (QS). These chemical signals spread through a biofilm that colonies of bacteria ...

Calcium oxalate stones comprise greater than 70% of all kidney stones. In the current conceptual framework, the initial stone ...

University of Toronto researchers have expanded our understanding of bacterial immunity with the discovery of a new protein ...

Bacteria are traditionally imagined as single-cell organisms, spread out sparsely over surfaces or suspended in liquids, but in many environments the true bacterial mode of growth is in sticky ...

Viruses attack nearly every living organism on Earth. To do so, they rely on highly specialized proteins that recognize and bind to receptors on the surface of target cells, a molecular arms race that ...