The Tol-Pal complex maintains bacterial outer membrane (OM) stability by regulating lipid homeostasis. (Left) In Gram-negative bacteria, the OM acts as a protective barrier, blocking entry of harmful ...

Enteroviruses are non-enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses that cause diverse diseases in humans. Their rapid multiplication depends on remodeling of cytoplasmic membranes for viral genome replication ...

Cancer cells have softer membranes than healthy cells. New nanoparticles exploit this physical difference to fuse selectively with tumors and deliver mRNA therapy with minimal off-target effects.