Item 1 of 2 Tokyo 2020 Olympics - Boxing - Women's Lightweight - Last 16 - Kokugikan Arena - Tokyo, Japan - July 30, 2021. Imane Khelif of Algeria reacts.

Prof Grossman estimates that DSD is so rare it affects between just 0.05 and 1 per cent of the population. The condition is generally diagnosed at birth, when a baby’s anatomy – genitalia ...

The number of DSD diagnoses worldwide is estimated to be approximately 0.018% of the world population, but this figure is controversial. If other sex chromosome disorders, ...

Caster Semenya unsuccessfully challenged a rule to restrict the level of testosterone permitted in female runners in a case about athletes with differences of sexual development.

CAS agreed the DSD rules were discriminatory but crucially ruled that the discrimination was "necessary, reasonable and proportionate to protect the integrity of female athletics".

World Athletics also increased restrictions on DSD athletes. Previously, DSD athletes were eligible to compete in women’s track and field events without having to suppress testosterone, except for ...