When we last left Frederick II, was crowned Holy Roman Emperor after years of struggle. But this episode dives into Frederick’s fraught relationship with the papacy, his bold diplomacy with ...

Frederick II was a powerful Holy Roman Emperor of the Medieval Era often referred to as stupor mundi, or wonder of the world. Born in 1194, Frederick's reign saw the Holy Roman Empire reach its ...

Frederick's remarkable mother, Constance, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Sicily, was the subject of a previous Law Journal essay. Christmas was bountiful to Frederick II, born December 26, 1194 ...

Frederick II, the Holy Roman Emperor born on this day in 1194, is remembered for fighting with the Pope so much he was excommunicated, for promoting literature and science in Sicily and for his ...

An Arabic inscription referring to the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II has finally been translated, referring to Jesus the Messiah, archaeologists say.

Frederick II was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily and King of Jerusalem from 1225. A great reformer and a cultivated man, interested in Arab literature and science, he was also ruthless: He ...

Contemporary historians have tended to lose interest in the Holy Roman Empire after the death in 1250 of Frederick II, the powerful and charismatic emperor who challenged the authority of the Pope.

Son of an abusive father, Frederick II blossomed when he took the throne. ... a former duchy that in the early 1700s emerged from the shadow of Poland and the Holy Roman Empire.