Nagaoka, Sugiura, and Mishima give the wave-lengths of a large number of satellites of Hg 2536 and Bi 4722 measured ... Twenty-three lines, as in the case of mercury, have 253 differences ...

Yes. Each spectral line corresponds to a specific energy transition related to a particular atom — and thus, element. Astronomers analyze such lines to tell us what celestial objects are made of.

A Fourier transform of the modulated SRL signal trace enables natural-linewidth-limit spectral lines. "The spectral range of T-SRS imaging is only determined by the laser pulse bandwidths.