To understand the variation in fracture propagation trajectories caused by lithological abrupt changes when hydraulic fractures encounter stratum interfaces, this study investigates the propagation ...

Understanding the distribution of multi-scale hydraulic fractures (HFs) is critical to improving coal bed methane (CBM) production. The HFs range from metres, centimetres to millimetres are revealed ...

Hydraulic fracturing has attracted a lot of attention in recent years with the rise of U.S. shale oil and gas drilling and production. Hydraulic fracturing is also at the center of heated debates, ...