In its full version, Locke argues that, although the earth and all inferior creatures are common to all men, each one owns ...

One way to sum up postwar American politics is to say that conservatives try to stop liberals from breaking the liberals’ own rules. The “rules” in this formulation are those of liberalism in the ...

History shows that many of humanity's greatest breakthroughs were initially dismissed as impossible, dangerous or simply too unconventional. Whether it was the idea that the Earth revolves around the ...

John Locke (1632–1704) concerned himself primarily with society, where his views are often contrasted with those of Thomas Hobbes, and with epistemology, where he is usually placed alongside David ...

This book review is a web exclusive for the Summer 2023 issue of The Independent Review. On a flight from Phoenix to San Diego, I fortuitously sat next to a college student majoring in political ...

TODAY THE practice as well as the theory of foreign policy is divided between the traditions of liberalism and realism (or realpolitik). Ever since the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 ...

Newly discovered ‘Reasons for tolerateing Papists equally with others’ shows the Enlightenment thinker expressing unexpected social liberalism A “once in a generation” discovery of a centuries-old ...