But determining how far east or west you are — longitude — is far trickier. Until the 1700s, navigators routinely over- or underestimated their longitude, leading to all kinds of maritime ...

A sampling: A: The latitude represents an imaginary ... suggested by Galileo — to ascertain longitude on land. As for longitude at sea, the movements of a ship made the accurate timing of ...

Nowadays, any point on Earth's surface can be described by its latitude and longitude — lines of latitude ... snorkeling with sea lions in the Galapagos and even climbing an iceberg in Antarctica.