Shortly before 1200 the the red flag with white cross replaced the original, completely red, flag of the Holy Roman Empire, on which the Emperor superimposed a white cross when he embarked on crusades ...

The Holy Roman Empire, it was famously put (by Voltaire, I think), was neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire. Likewise, the First Amendment "actual. ... flag burning, and the like).

But just over 200 years ago, most of its current territory was a shambolic mess — part of the Holy Roman Empire, which even at the time was recognized as an anachronistic political fossil.

It's been another wonderful year for TikTokers, with the Roman Empire, Wes Anderson beige flag, and aged filter trends taking the spotlight. The most popular trends were revealed in the video ...

Imperial Splendor: The Art of the Book in the Holy Roman Empire, 800-1500 by Jeffrey F. Hamburger and Joshua O’Driscoll, published by D Giles Limited, is available online.

The birth of the Holy Roman Empire—and the unlikely king who ruled it. The fall of Rome led to chaos in Western Europe. Enter Carolus Magnus, more commonly known as Charlemagne, who sought to ...