Black and white thinking is ... whether or not they’re true. Using this 'cognitive' technique helps you to spot what you are doing and challenge your false impressions. While it’s normal ...

likely or definitely true. Moreover, the authors found that medical students who endorsed more false believes also rated the black patient in the case as having less pain than the white patient.

or definitely true." If a medical student had false beliefs, they were more likely to show a "racial bias" in how they assessed and recommended treating the pain of white and black patients ...

Our democracy’s founding ideals were false when they were written. Black Americans ... But the white men who drafted those words did not believe them to be true for the hundreds of thousands ...