A new method allows for determination of axial force on subsea pipelines within the context of DNV-RP-F105-2006, ... determines the fundamental natural frequency adjusted for the axial force, ...

The trap behaves like a Hookean spring and damped harmonic oscillator with time constant 23.4 s-1mW-1. Position detection of the QPD is linear up to bead radius with a force range of ± 400 pN. QPD ...