A germ layer is a collection of cells, formed during animal embryogenesis. Germ layers are only really pronounced in the vertebrates. However, all animals more complex than sponges (eumetazoans ...

The second organizes cells into groups (i.e., germ layers). In most animals, including humans, there are three germ layers: the ectoderm (source of the skin, nervous system, eyes, etc.), the ...

Generation of organized germ layers. To dynamically monitor the status of pluripotency or mesodermal lineage differentiation of a single cell, we developed a mouse ES cell line (namely OGTR1) that ...

Gastrulation is the formation of the three principal germ layers—endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Understanding the formation of the basic body plan is not only important to reveal how the ...

This "germ layer hypothesis" states that skin and nervous system derive from the outer ectoderm layer, the gut and some inner organs, like the pancreas, derive from the inner endoderm layer, while ...

Figure 1: Adhesion of germ-layer progenitors measured by single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). Figure 2: Cell-cortex tension of germ-layer progenitors measured by SCFS. Figure 4: Simulations of ...