In 19th-century America, Reform Judaism embraced conversion as a natural outcome of its mission to bring Jewish ethical teachings into the wider world. Over time, however, this vision of an open ...

"The 19th century departmental approach to organising public services ... of public spending were weak until William Ewart Gladstone championed a series of reforms in the 1860s. He created the ...

Late 19th century engraving of a doctor treating a young child. Unfortunately, the outbreak of World War One in 1914 put an end to the reforms. Britain would have to wait until the end of World ...

Prison reform and the penitentiary itself had become deeply woven into the national fabric. The content in the 19th Century Prison Reform Collection is believed to be in the public domain by virtue of ...

This brings me back to the memory of early 19th-century reformers. On that fateful day in 1819, peaceful protesters in Manchester had gathered to demand parliamentary reform and greater ...