Background Immune disorders are key heart failure (HF) triggers, but little is known about whether the status of immunity ...

Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) system are cornerstones of the management of patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, RAAS ...

The adverse consequences of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) are death, myocardial infarction (MI) and angina. Trials in stable CAD show that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) does not ...

Objective Decreased kidney function increases cardiovascular risk and predicts poor survival. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by creatinine may theoretically be less accurate in the ...

The term “atrioventricular septal defect” (AVSD) covers a spectrum of congenital heart malformations characterised by a common atrioventricular junction coexisting with deficient atrioventricular ...

Correspondence to: Dr Martin Borggrefe, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg in Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany; ...

Introduction The evidence base for rhythm control strategies in atrial fibrillation (AF) remain contentious. Synchronised DC cardioversion (DCCV) is a simple and accessible treatment option in many ...

2 Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain 3 Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Developmental Sciences, St George’s Hospital Medical ...

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Correspondence to Dr Matthias Michal, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany; ...

4 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK Correspondence to Dr Dipak Kotecha, Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, ...